/* Base */
* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html, body { height: 100%; }

body{
  margin: 0;
  font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  color:#111;
  background:#fff;
}

/* Top bar */
.topbar{
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 10;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.92);
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
}

.topbar-inner{
  width: min(1200px, calc(100% - 48px));
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 18px 0;
  display:flex;
  align-items:center;
  justify-content:space-between;
  gap:16px;
}

.site-title{
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.2px;
  text-decoration:none;
  color:inherit;
}

.topnav{
  display:flex;
  gap:18px;
  flex-wrap:wrap;
  justify-content:flex-end;
}
.topnav a{
  text-decoration:none;
  color:#777;
  font-size:1rem;
  padding:8px 10px;
  border-radius:10px;
}
.topnav a:hover{
  color:#111;
  background:#f4f4f4;
}

/* =========================================================
   SLIDER: full screen slides + optional split-slide
   ========================================================= */
.hero-slider{
  height: calc(100vh - 72px);   /* under header */
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #fff;
}

.hero-slider .viewport{
  height: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.hero-slider .track{
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  transition: transform 350ms ease;
  will-change: transform;
}

.hero-slider .slide{
  flex: 0 0 100%;
  height: 100%;
  position: relative;
}

/* Default full-screen slide image */
.hero-slider .cover{
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: block;
  object-fit: cover;
}

/* =========================
   SPLIT SLIDE (side-by-side)
   ========================= */
.hero-slider .split{
  height: 100%;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
}

/* Split images: full-bleed + shifted upward (less sky) */
.hero-slider .split .cover{
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: block;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: 40% 10%;   /* try 20% or 25% if too high */
}

/* Split slide images: force crop + move up */
/* Split slide images: normal full-bleed, centered */
.hero-slider .slide .split img{
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: block;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center center;
}

/* Optional per-image vertical adjustment */
.up{
  object-position: center 80%;
}




/* Mobile: stack the two images */
@media (max-width: 900px){
  .hero-slider .split{
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr;
  }
}



/* Arrows */
.arrow{
  position:absolute;
  top:50%;
  transform:translateY(-50%);
  border:none;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.55);
  backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
  width:54px;
  height:54px;
  border-radius:12px;
  font-size:2rem;
  line-height:1;
  cursor:pointer;
  display:grid;
  place-items:center;
  color:#222;
  z-index: 5;
}
.arrow:hover{ background: rgba(255,255,255,0.75); }
.arrow.left{ left:18px; }
.arrow.right{ right:18px; }

@media (max-width: 900px){
  .arrow.left{ left:10px; }
  .arrow.right{ right:10px; }
}



.about-page{
  width: min(1000px, calc(100% - 48px));
  margin: 34px auto;
}

/* Table layout = stable two-column content */
.about-table{
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}

/* Left column: fixed image width */
.about-table__left{
  width: 320px;
  vertical-align: top;
  padding-right: 32px;
}

/* Right column: flowing text */
.about-table__right{
  vertical-align: top;
}

/* Image behaves like a normal image */
.about-photo{
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
}


@media (max-width: 800px){
  .about-table,
  .about-table tr,
  .about-table td{
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .about-table__left{
    padding-right: 0;
    margin-bottom: 18px;
  }
}

/* Active navigation item */
.topnav a.active {
  color: #111;
  font-weight: 600;
  background: #fff;
}

.grayscale {
  filter: grayscale(100%);
}

.pub-list {
  margin-left: 1.2rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.pub-list li {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.pub-note {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: #666;
}

.pub-list li {
  margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.pub-list a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.pub-note {
  margin-left: 0.4rem;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: #666;
}

.pub-list {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}

.pub-list {
  padding-left: 1.4em; /* keeps numbers aligned nicely */
}

.pub-page {
  width: min(900px, calc(100% - 48px));
  margin: 34px auto;
}

.pub-page h1 {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.plain-link:visited {
  color: inherit;
}
/* Neutral text-style links (used for Google Scholar, etc.) */
.plain-link {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.plain-link:hover {
  text-decoration: underline; /* optional, nice UX */
}

/* =========================
   Fieldwork sliders
========================= */

.expedition { margin: 2.5rem 0; }
.expedition-title { margin: 0 0 0.75rem; }

.slider{
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr auto;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  align-items: center;
}

.slider-track{
  display: grid;
  grid-auto-flow: column;
  grid-auto-columns: minmax(260px, 36vw);
  gap: 0.75rem;

  overflow-x: auto;
  scroll-snap-type: x mandatory;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  padding: 0.25rem 0;
}

.slider-track img{
  width: 100%;
  height: 220px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 14px;
  cursor: zoom-in;
  scroll-snap-align: start;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
  transition: transform 160ms ease;
}
.slider-track img:hover{ transform: scale(1.01); }

.slider-btn{
  border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.12);
  background: #fff;
  border-radius: 999px;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 22px;
  line-height: 1;
}

@media (max-width: 700px){
  .slider-track{ grid-auto-columns: 78vw; }
  .slider-btn{ display: none; } /* swipe on mobile */
}

/* =========================
   Lightbox
========================= */

.lightbox{
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  background: rgba(0,0,0,0.78);
  display: none;
  place-items: center;
  padding: 24px;
  z-index: 9999;
}

.lightbox.open{ display: grid; }

.lightbox-img{
  max-width: min(1100px, 96vw);
  max-height: 86vh;
  border-radius: 16px;
  box-shadow: 0 16px 40px rgba(0,0,0,0.35);
  cursor: zoom-out;
}

.lightbox-close{
  position: fixed;
  top: 18px;
  right: 18px;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: none;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.92);
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 26px;
  line-height: 1;
}

/* Prevent focus/selection outlines that can look like a square overlay */
.slider-track:focus,
.slider-track:focus-visible,
.slider-track img:focus,
.slider-track img:focus-visible,
.lightbox-img:focus,
.lightbox-img:focus-visible {
  outline: none !important;
}

/* Prevent selection/drag highlight artifacts */
.slider-track img,
.lightbox-img {
  user-select: none;
  -webkit-user-drag: none;
  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
}

.lightbox-nav{
  position: fixed;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  width: 52px;
  height: 52px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: none;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.92);
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 30px;
  line-height: 1;
  z-index: 10000;
}
.lightbox-nav.prev{ left: 18px; }
.lightbox-nav.next{ right: 18px; }

@media (max-width: 700px){
  .lightbox-nav{ width: 44px; height: 44px; font-size: 26px; }
}

/* Fieldwork sliders */
.slider{
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr auto;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  align-items: center;
}

.slider-track{
  display: grid;
  grid-auto-flow: column;
  grid-auto-columns: minmax(260px, 36vw);
  gap: 0.75rem;

  overflow-x: auto;         /* <-- critical */
  scroll-snap-type: x mandatory;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  padding: 0.25rem 0;
}

.slider-track img{
  width: 100%;
  height: 220px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 14px;
  scroll-snap-align: start;
}

.slider-track{
  overflow-x: auto;
  display: grid;
  grid-auto-flow: column;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  scroll-snap-type: x mandatory;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}
.slider-track img{ scroll-snap-align: start; }

.hero-slider { position: relative; overflow: hidden; }
.hero-slider .viewport { overflow: hidden; }
.hero-slider .track { will-change: transform; }
.hero-slider .slide { width: 100%; }
.hero-slider .cover { width: 100%; height: 100vh; object-fit: cover; display: block; }


/* Remove the "square" focus outline for clicked images/buttons in sliders/lightbox */
.slider-track,
.slider-track img,
.lightbox-img,
.lightbox-close,
.lightbox-nav {
  outline: none;
}

.slider-track:focus,
.slider-track:focus-visible,
.slider-track img:focus,
.slider-track img:focus-visible,
.lightbox-img:focus,
.lightbox-img:focus-visible,
.lightbox-close:focus,
.lightbox-close:focus-visible,
.lightbox-nav:focus,
.lightbox-nav:focus-visible {
  outline: none !important;
  box-shadow: none !important;
}

/* Prevent selection/drag highlight artifacts */
.slider-track img,
.lightbox-img {
  user-select: none;
  -webkit-user-drag: none;
  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
}

.slider-track img,
.lightbox-img {
  -webkit-user-drag: none;
}


/* Teaching/Research-style feature rows */
.feature{
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.25fr;
  gap: 34px;
  align-items: start;
  padding: 22px 0;
}

.feature + .feature{
  border-top: 1px solid #eee;
}

.feature-media img{
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
}

.feature-title{
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  font-size: 1.9rem;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.feature-body p{
  line-height: 1.65;
  margin: 0 0 12px;
}

.feature-meta{
  margin-top: 10px;
  color: #666;
}

.feature-meta a{
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Mobile */
@media (max-width: 900px){
  .feature{
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 16px;
  }
  .feature-title{
    font-size: 1.6rem;
  }
}

/* Teaching page layout (same as Research) */
.teaching-page{
  width: min(1100px, calc(100% - 48px));
  margin: 34px auto;
  padding-bottom: 4rem;
}

.teaching-title{
  margin: 0 0 14px 0;
  font-size: 2.4rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.2px;
}

.teaching-intro{
  margin: 0 0 28px 0;
}

.teaching-intro p{
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: #222;
}

.teaching-divider{
  border: none;
  height: 1px;
  background: #e6e6e6;
  margin: 32px 0 36px 0;
}

/* Teaching list */
.teaching-blocks{
  display: grid;
  gap: 34px;
}

/* One teaching row: image + text */
.teaching-block{
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 420px 1fr;
  gap: 28px;
  align-items: start;
}

.teaching-block--reverse{
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 420px;
}

.teaching-block--reverse .teaching-block__media{ order: 2; }
.teaching-block--reverse .teaching-block__content{ order: 1; }

.teaching-block__media{ margin: 0; }

.teaching-block__media img{
  width: 100%;
  height: 360px;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
  border-radius: 0; /* square edges */
}

.teaching-block__title{
  margin: 0 0 10px 0;
  font-size: 1.35rem;
}

.teaching-block__content p{
  margin: 0 0 12px 0;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: #222;
}

.teaching-block__bullets{
  margin: 0 0 14px 18px;
  padding: 0;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: #222;
}

.teaching-block__links{
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
  align-items: center;
  color: #555;
}

.teaching-block__links .label{ color: #777; }

.teaching-block__links a{
  color: #111;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
}
.teaching-block__links a:hover{
  border-bottom-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.6);
}

/* Mobile */
@media (max-width: 900px){
  .teaching-block,
  .teaching-block--reverse{
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .teaching-block__media img{
    height: 280px;
  }
  .teaching-block--reverse .teaching-block__media,
  .teaching-block--reverse .teaching-block__content{
    order: initial;
  }
}

/* =========================
   Fieldwork: horizontal scroll galleries
   (Option 2 – no JS)
========================= */

.expedition{
  margin: 2.8rem 0;
}

.expedition-title{
  margin: 0 0 0.8rem;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
}

.hscroll{
  display: flex;
  gap: 14px;
  overflow-x: auto;
  padding: 6px 2px 12px;

  scroll-snap-type: x mandatory;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;

  border-top: 1px solid #eee;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
}

.hscroll img{
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  width: min(420px, 82vw);
  height: 260px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 0;   /* square edges */
  scroll-snap-align: start;

  user-select: none;
  -webkit-user-drag: none;
}

/* Optional scrollbar styling */
.hscroll::-webkit-scrollbar{
  height: 10px;
}
.hscroll::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{
  background: rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
  border-radius: 999px;
}
.hscroll::-webkit-scrollbar-track{
  background: rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
  border-radius: 999px;
}

/* Mobile tweaks */
@media (max-width: 700px){
  .hscroll img{
    width: 86vw;
    height: 220px;
  }
}

/* CSS-only lightbox */
.lightbox{
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  background: rgba(0,0,0,0.85);
  display: none;
  place-items: center;
  z-index: 9999;
}

.lightbox img{
  max-width: 92vw;
  max-height: 88vh;
  object-fit: contain;
}

.lightbox:target{
  display: grid;
}

.lightbox-close{
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
}

/* =========================
   Index hero slider: MOBILE = stack images
========================= */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  /* Let the section size naturally (no forced full-screen height) */
  .hero-slider {
    height: auto !important;
    overflow: visible !important;
  }

  .hero-slider .viewport {
    height: auto !important;
    overflow: visible !important;
  }

  /* Stack all slides vertically */
  .hero-slider .track {
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    height: auto !important;

    /* Disable the JS slider positioning */
    transform: none !important;
    transition: none !important;
  }

  .hero-slider .slide {
    flex: none !important;
    height: auto !important;
  }

  /* Show full image (no cropping) */
  .hero-slider .cover {
    width: 100% !important;
    height: auto !important;
    object-fit: contain !important;
    display: block;
  }

  /* Hide arrows on mobile */
  .hero-slider .arrow {
    display: none !important;
  }
}